Rustow, "The Army and the Founding..." (1959)

(513) 1908, Young Turk Revolution

(513) 1923, Proclamation of Republic

(513, 551) 1919-1923, Kemalist military intervention ends all military interventions [haha, writing one year before the first coup!]

(514) Unease/Centrality of Army was a response to the military supremacy of Europe, viz-a-viz declining Ottoman Empire

(518) War w/ Italy in 1911, Balkan Wars 1912-1913--brought Turkey close to being a garrison State in 1908-1918 period

(520) Army offered organization to nationalist stirrings, post-Armistics

(526) Istanbul vs. Anatolian movement

(544) Kemalists had solid civilian base

(549) Ataturk and Inonu administered the country as civilian leaders, rather than military--they had support from RPP, bureaucracy

(549) 1921-1944, Fezvi Cakmak COS

(549) the Military didn't intervene in this first period because of its association with and trust in Ataturk

(550) Military officers were heavily involved in politics, as individuals