the fourth round: history of land reform in pakistan, haris gazdar

(2): half of rural population is landless; top 5 percent own 33% of cultivatable land

(5): three 'estates': (1) collective self-governance, in Fata/Balochistan; (2) malawari, which ended up empowering landowners rather than village in Punjab, etc. (see pg. 9); (3) Ryotwari, which ended up regarding zamindar as cultivator in Sindh (see pg. 12)

(10): canal colonization as technically progressive but socially conservative

(13): in partition, about 1/5th of the cropped area was vacated (7 million acres, 18%). in 1965 40 million acres in cultivation. today 48 million.

(20): LR discussions had three components--tenancy reg, abolition of 'superior claims', redistribution above ceiling.

(21): Shariah Court ruled against '77 LR, upheld by Supreme Court

(22): here is that not enough attention was paid to non-cultivators, which seems a reasonable point [a lot of the rest of this is an exercise in mystification. silly]

(23): in Sindh, due to arid character, irrigation management has always been central. you can't make haris into owner-operators unless you do something about distribution of water, in other words.

(28): 2.3 million acres have been distributed to military officers as career incentives--this is roughly equivalent to the total area ever distributed by the state in LR!

---

of the rest of this article is quite unhelpful. calling for moving beyond an 'agrarian reform' framework, it opens with a statistic that still shows its applicability. totally lacking comparative context--other countries succeeded at LR, within this conventional framework. the lack of 'imagination' charge rings quite hollow.